Troubleshooting

Exports with mixed unix and dos/windows style line endings #

Based on your emacs configuration, you could end up exporting a Markdown file that has a mix of unix-style ("\n") and dos-style ("\r\n") line endings. This will confuse Hugo and it would then see unix-style newline as just a whitespace. So now the unix-style line breaks in Markdown that were supposed to create paragraph breaks will be seen as just a whitespace and those paragraph breaks will disappear!

One scenario where this is happen is if (i) you have a Windows OS, but (ii) you set the default buffer-file-coding-system (C-x RET f) to be utf-8-unix, and then (iii) embedded a file like an SVG created in Windows. Here, your Org buffer will have unix-style line endings, but the SVG created outside Emacs will have dos-style line endings. So you end up exporting a file with mixed line endings.

Here are some possible fixes:

Consistent line endings
Figure out a way for the externally created file to have the line endings consistent with your Emacs buffers. Taking the above example, find a way for that SVG to have unix-style line endings as well.
org-export-coding-system
If you are setting buffer-file-coding-system to be a non-default value in your OS environment, set org-export-coding-system to be that same value!
Override ox-hugo export coding system
If you don’t want to sync up these two variables, add the below advice to your Emacs config. Below example overrides the export coding system to utf-8-unix assuming that the user has set the buffer-file-encoding-system to the same value.
(defun my/org-hugo-export-to-md-always-utf-8-unix (orig-fun &rest args)
  (let ((org-export-coding-system 'utf-8-unix))
    (apply orig-fun args)))

(with-eval-after-load 'ox-hugo
  (advice-add 'org-hugo-export-to-md :around #'my/org-hugo-export-to-md-always-utf-8-unix))

;; To remove the advice
;; (advice-remove 'org-hugo-export-to-md #'my/org-hugo-export-to-md-always-utf-8-unix)
Code Snippet 1: Example of overriding the export coding system when exporting with ox-hugo
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